Norte/Sur Timeline 1946-2000

Raza History (Norteños/Sureños as one)

By César A. Cruz

U.S. stole the following territories at the end of the Mexican-American War (1846-1848): California, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas and Utah.

Line gets drawn- North & South in 1848 w/ The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

North of the Rio Bravo/Grande: Mexicans become second class citizens

Mexicans in U.S. get treated like slaves, they get their land jacked, if they speak Spanish-get beat down, just as many Mexicans get lynched as Blacks by the Texas Rangers.

1848 Land Stolen: California, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, Oregon, Texas and Utah.

Creating Norte y Sur

1848 Latinos become pochos Latinos becomes wetbacks/mojados

1850s Raza fights back, Tiburcio Vásquez, Joaquin Murrieta

1910 Norteños y Sureños unite!

(Pancho Villa (Norte), Emiliano Zapata (Sur))

1898 U.S. jacks Puerto Rico, the Philippines, Cuba, and the Virgin Islands in Spanish-American War

1910 Mexican revolution begins uniting the north and south.

1918 Farabundo Martí rises up in El Salvador, César Augusto Sandino rises up in Nicaragua to fight against the CIA

1930s CIA gets kicked out of Central America

1920s The Border is created

Creation of La Migra (INS), turning Raza into Immigrants

“We didn’t cross the border, the border crossed us”

1930s Depression- Repatriation: 500,000 Latinos get deported

regardless if were born in the United States side of the border

1940s Pachucos unite to fight against the Marines- los Zoot Suiters

Sleepy Lagoon Case- Raza as Animals/Savages

Prisons to be our new home!

Raza fight in World War II- they won’t even bury them in White Cemeteries

1954 Operation Wetback: 1.5 million Latinos get deported

Operation Success-CIA in Guatemala- take out Guatemalan president Jacobo Arbenz

Operation Bootstrap-Puerto Rico

Lolita Lebron storms the US House of Representatives w/ shotguns for Puerto Rico’s freedom

1957 Mexican Mafia (EME) is formed in prison- Tracy, CA. (3 puntos, Aztec numeral system)

-Study Aztec history (Mexikanemi de Aztlán)

1959 Haydeé Santamaría, Ché Guevara and Fidel Castro take on the Cuban Government and kick out the Batista regime

1965 United Farm Workers formed-uniting Norteño & Sureño farmworkers

1967 Nuestra Familia is formed (N, 14th letter) in Pelican Bay Prison

“Busters” (N) -vs- “Scraps” (S)

1968 10,000 Raza students walk out of school to demand changes. Xicano Blowouts

Brown Berets gets formed uniting Norteños y Sureños to defend Raza rights.

1980s Revolution begins in El Salvador, Nicaragua led by FMLN and FSLN

Government versus the guerrillas

1986 Amnesty laws to make immigrants into US residents (green card program)

1990s Barrios Unidos gets formed uniting Norteños y Sureños .
Homies Unidos gets formed in L.A. to unite Norteños y Sureños

1992 Peace Treaty signed between Bloods & Crips in South Central L.A.

1994 EZLN- Zapatistas rise up and fight back against Mexican government

Proposition 187-Turning immigrants into scapegoats

NAFTA goes into effect between US/Mexico/Canada