Photo Collage of Raza Youth in Oakland Gettin' Organized

Brand NEW Raza History Class

Any student can join, hit us up ASAP!

Summer Skool Freedom Style

So you have the summer off. Now is the time to learn what the schools didn't teach you. If you look at the right hand side you have plenty to go on this summer. I call it the 30-30-30. There are over 30 (s)heroes, 30 films and 30 books for you to choose from this summer. It's time to get to it. Represent for La Raza.
-cesar a. preciado cruz (teolol)

Don't forget to check out these sites to:
www.LeftBooks.com
www.RevengeoftheIllegalAlien.com
www.Teolol.com
www.CesarCruz.com

Our (S)heroes and Our Films

Dear Students and Teachers,

I feel for you if you are at a school that does not teach you your history. Some of you may be teachers who want to learn Raza history.

Let’s start with our sheroes and heroes. Here is a small list to get you started. At the bottom of the site (right side) you can find these (s)heroes and you can click on them to get started on learning about these change makers.

I have also enclosed links to some important films worth analyzing.

Let me know how I can continue to support you on your journey.

Con respeto,

César A. Preciado-Cruz (teolol)

14 year + educador, author: www.REVENGEofTHEillegalALIEN.com

Our Sheroes/Heroes

· Lolita Lebron-Puerto Rico · Cesar Sandino-Nicaragua (Spanish)

· Lucy Gonzalez-Parsons-Xicana · Farabundo Marti-El Salvador

· Rigoberta Menchu-Guatemala · Emiliano Zapata-Mexico

· Haydee Santamaria-Cuba · Tiburcio Vasquez-Mexican-American

· Claribel Alegria-El Salvador/Nicaragua · Simon Bolivar-Venezuela

· Frida Kahlo-Mexico · Hugo Chavez-Venezuela

· Emma Tenayuca-Mexican American · Roque Dalton-El Salvador

· Elvia Alvarado-Honduras · Ruben Salazar-Chicano

· Comandante Ramona-Mexico · Che Guevara-Argentina (Spanish)

· Comandante Maria-El Salvador (Spanish) · Reies Lopez Tijerina-Chicano

· Luisa Moreno-Guatemala · Tupac Amaru-Peru

· Judy Baca-Chicana · Jose Marti-Cuba

· Betita Martinez-Chicana · Subcomandante Marcos-Mexico

Dolores Huerta-Chicana

Cesar Chavez-Chicano

Websites/Links to Raza (Chicano/Latino) Films

· La Misma Luna (Under the Same Moon) · Zapatista!

· Walkout! · Black & Gold (Latin Kings)

· Pass the Mic (Latinos in HipHop) · The Gatekeeper

· Motorcycle Diaries (Che) · A Day Without a Mexican

· The Other Conquest · Price of Glory

· Senorita Extraviada (Juarez) · Pa'Lante: Young Lords

· Fight in the Fields (Cesar Chavez) · Revolution Will Not Be Televised

· Real Women Have Curves · Maria Full of Grace

· Undefeated · Pinero

· Blood In, Blood Out · In the Time of the Butterflies

· Wonderful Ice Cream Suit · Mi Familia

· American Me · The Burning Season

· Stand and Deliver · Ballad of Gregorio Cortez

· Lemon Grove Incident

· Our Women, Our Struggle (Boricua Women Freedom Fighters)

· Interview w/Gregory Nava (re: El Norte, Mi Familia)

· Latino Films at UC Berkeley · Latino Studies Documentaries

This is just to get you started…please email me new film titles or Raza (s)heroes that you want me to add to the site at: teolol@yahoo.com

Raza History Through Film Syllabus

Raza History Through Film, East Oakland Community High School

(This was the original syllabus for a class I taught at East Oakland Comm. High)

Instructor: Our History Facilitator: Mr. César A. Cruz

In this class we will learn about Raza History through films. We will trace the history of the Aztecs, Mayas, Incas and we will also look at Latinos in the U.S. from the 18th century until today. You will not only watch films but will learn to analyze and critique them.

The ‘No Quiero Ser Pendejo’ Clause
Getting our Knowledge On
We will learn what race, gender, and class mean and how they play into our lives. We will also develop a critical eye for our history and the history of others.

Steps to being ‘el mero mero y la mera mera’
A. We will check out films and break them down. How? By answering questions throughout the film about what is really going on.
1. So that we don’t forget our rich history, we will keep a journal about what we are learning each week to track our knowledge of Raza history.
2. We will all get a chance to study our own film of choice and break down our notes into a position paper to teach others about Raza history.

Check this out: Did you know that your knowledge can be passed on to the chavalillos/as? That is why you have to prepare yourself so that you are not a ‘pendejo’ out on the street without knowing your history.

This class is about:

1. getting our knowledge on as a form of strength.
2. our History. Our History will be like bullets and we are the gun. Every movie we watch, every book we read is another bullet. So let’s get our ammo together so no army can take us on. See they can put us in jail, try and harm us, but they can never take away our knowledge.
3. challenging you to learn something new.
4. respeto. We will learn that our history many times has not included women, gays or the poor. We will learn about biases, about our prejudice, and how to deal with that.
5. change. We will learn how we can change our lives and how we can transform any situation to be free.

Some of the films that we will analyze are:
Pa’lante: The Young Lords Party, The Land Struggle (Tijerina), Taking Back the Schools, The Bronze Screen: 100 Years of the Latino Image in Hollywood, Real Women Have Curves, Chicana, Viva la Causa Part I & Part II , The Battle for El Salvador, Mi Familia, El Norte, Piñero, Lives in Hazard Documentary (from American Me) , Immortal Technique Videos, Voces Inocentes, Clips from the show ‘Mind of Mencia,’ A Lost Year (Women Coming of Age) and various clips from other films.

Other parts of the class:
-Film nights: Watching the film “Walkout” (March 2006) Directed by Edward James Olmos

-Field Trips: EX: MEXA Conference, Saturday Feb. 18th, CSU San Luis Obispo
-El Salvador (Reconnect with our Roots)
Field trips will be based on a point system. But since everyone will be on point everyone will be going on field trips.

Grades: You will get jumped in to this class and jumped out.
The test: your ability to kick down knowledge.

Raza Books Worth Checking Out

Websites/Links to Important Raza Books for our Youth

Always Running & Author Luis Rodriguez's site

The Mixquiahuala Letters & Ana Castillo's site

Down These Mean Streets & Author Piri Thomas's site

Delia's Song (Lucha Corpi)

Pa'Lante Young Lords Book

'We Took the Streets' Fighting 4 Latino Rights w/ the Young Lords

They Call Me King Tiger- Autobiography of Reies Tijerina

House on Mango Street & Sandra Cisneros's site

Locas (about females in gangs)

Revenge of the 'Illegal Alien:' A Mexican Takes on the Empire

Don't Be Afraid Gringo (Honduras)

One Day of Life (El Salvador)

Rebel Lives-Autobio Haydee Santamaria

Bless Me Ultima (Rudolfo Anaya)

Drink Cultura: Chicanismo (Burciaga)

Chicana Falsa & Michelle Serros' site

Real Women Have Curves & Josefina Lopez' site

Los de Abajo (Mariano Azuela-Mexico)

Santora, the Good Daughter

Message to Aztlan (Corky Gonzalez)

Zoot Suit & Other Plays (Luis Valdez)

Chicano Manual on How to Handle Gringos (Jose A. Gutierrez)

Song of the Hummingbird (Graciela Limon)

Woman Boxers: The New Warriors

Diary of an Undocumented Immigrant (Ramon Perez)

Y No Se Lo Trago La Tierra (Tomas Rivera)

Chicano: History of Mex-Am Civil Rights Mov. (Arturo Rosales)

500 Years of Chicana History (Betita Martinez)

Zoot Suit Riots (Mauricio Mazon)

Youth, Identity, Power: The Chicano Mov. (Carlos Munoz)

Las Soldaderas: Women of Mex. Revolution

The Other Campaign-EXLN (Subcomandante Marcos)

Along the Border Lies (Paul Flores)

Calaca Press (10+ Raza books)

Arte Publico Press (250+ Raza Books)

AK Press

Teaching Guide for Reies Tijerina Autobiography

Raza Qué Se Levantó-Raza Who Stood Up Project

Maestro- Sr. César A. Cruz
(Raza Who Stood Up Project-The instructions for this student report are completely in Spanish. For a copy of these in English please email me at: teolol@avenuesproject.org)

Raza Qué Se Levantó/Qué se Levanta

Representando a Mís Héroes/Heroínas

Lolita Lebron	Puerto Rico	Luchadora por la libertad, Entró con pistolas al gobierno de los Estados Unidos demandando libertad para Puerto Rico.
Joaquin Murrieta	México-Estados Unidos	Le robó a los ricos para darle a los pobres.
Rigoberta Menchú	Guatemala	Luchadora por los derechos de los Indígenas.
Reies Lopez Tijerina	Xicano	Luchador por la tierra en los Estados Unidos. Secuestro a un Senador.
Claribel Alegría	El Salvador	Escritora, Poeta
Túpac Amaru	Peru, Inca	Luchó por la libertad de los Incas.
Comandante Ramona	Indígena, México	Zapatista, luchó con armas contra el gobierno de México y Estados Unidos, murió de cancer.
Fidel Castro	Cuba	Revolucionario, empezó una guerilla y tomarón el poder en Cuba.
Gloria Anzaldúa	Xicana	Escritora Lesbiana, luchó por los derechos de las mujeres.
Arzobispo Oscar Romero	El Salvador	Padre/Arzobispo de la Iglesia Cátolica, lo asesinaron por estar al lado de los pobres.
Elvia Alvarado	Honduras	Madre, Campesina, luchadora por los derechos de las mujeres y de los campesinos.
Sub Comandante Marcos	Mexico	Zapatista, Lucha con armas y con palabras contra el gobierno de México y Estados Unidos.
Haydeé Santamaría	Cuba	Revolucionaria. Lider en Cuba. Se suicidó en el aniversario de la revolución Cubana.
Roque Daltón	El Salvador	Poeta de la gente.
Betita Martínez	Xicana	Profesora, Escritora de “500 Años de la Historia Chicana.”
César Sandino	Nicaragua	Revolucionario, Luchó y sacó al CIA de Nicaragua.
Frida Kahlo	Mexicana/Alemana	Pintora, Comunista, Bisexual.
Farabundo Martí	El Salvador	Revolucionario, Luchó y sacó al CIA de El Salvador.
Lucy Gonzalez-Parsons	Indigena, México-Américana	Comunista en Chicago. Luchó por los derechos de los trabajadores. La corrieron de Chicago.
Tiburcio Vásquez	México-Américano	Le robó a los ricos para darle a los pobres.
Comandante Maria Ana Guadalupe Martínez	El Salvador	Revolucionaria, FMLN, Lider de los guerillas en El Salvador.
José Martí	Cuba	Escritor, Poeta, Libertador de Cuba.

Maestro- Sr. César A. Cruz

Raza Qué Se Levantó/Qué se Levanta

Representando a Mís Héroes/Heroínas

Primera Parte: Mi Héroe/Heroína es...

(por lo menos un párrafo por cada pregunta, por computadora)Valor: 30 puntos

i. Mi héroe/heroína es....
ii. El/Ella es de...
iii. El/Ella hizo...
iv. 3-5 fotos que representan diferentes etapas de la vida de mi héroe/heroína
v. Incluye una bibliografía de donde encontraste la información sobre tú héroe/heroína

Segunda Parte: Yo admiro a mi héroe/heroína por...
(por lo menos una página escrita por computadora) Valor: 20 puntos
i. Explica lo que hizo tu héroe/heroína y porqué lo/la admiras
ii. Explica porqué escogiste ese país.
iii. Explica porqué escogiste esa persona
iv. Explica como conectas con esta persona.
v. Explica porqué esta persona es importante y todo el mundo tiene que saber de el/ella.

Tercera Parte: Representando a mi héroe/heroína...

Escoge uno de estos métodos de representar a tu héroe/heroína.

Escribe un poema con los detalles más importantes de tú héroe/heroína
b. Escribe un(a) rap/canción con los detalles más importantes de tú héroe/heroína
c. Haz un dibujo con los detalles más importantes de tú héroe/heroína
d. Haz un montaje (‘collage’) de fotos, reportajes, artículos de tú héroe/heroína
e. Escribe un reportaje, como si fuera de un periódico, detallando la vida de tú héroe/heroína
f. Encuentra una canción/corrido que hable sobre tú héroe/heroína

Cuarta Parte: Uniendo las cuatro partes Valor: 15 puntos
Junta las primeras tres partes en un cartelón (poster board) para presentar con mucho orgullo a tú héroe/heroína.
i. Incluye un gran título con el nombre de tú héroe/heroína
ii. Incluye la bandera del país que tú héroe/heroína representa
iii. Incluye la primera parte (por lo menos una página) de quien es tú héroe/heroína
iv. Incluye por lo menos tres fotos de tú héroe/heroína
v. Incluye la segunda parte (por lo menos una página) de por qué admiras a tú héroe/heroína
vi. Incluye la tercera parte. Si gustas, puedes incluir más de una cosa para representar a tú héroe/heroína

Quinta Parte: Presentando con Orgullo a Mí Héroe/Heroína Valor: 10 puntos
Prepara una presentación de no más de cinco minutos de tú héroe/heroína para educar a la clase de tú héroe/heroína.

a. Puedes incluir música que represente a tú héroe/heroína
b. Puedes enseñarnos tu cartelón (poster board) y explicarnólos todo
c. Puedes repartir un resumén de quien es y por qué admiras a tú héroe/heroína.

Sexta Parte: Calificación de mis Compañeros/as Valor: 10 puntos
Cada estudiante dará calificaciones sobre las presentaciones de sus compañeros/as. Estos diez puntos los recibirán de sus alumnos dependiendo en las presentaciones.

‘Chapetes’ & ‘Scraps’: Raza Blasting Raza As Our Slavery Continues

‘Chapetes’ & ‘Scraps’: Raza Blasting Raza As Our Slavery Continues

Norteños & Sureños Fight While We Bury Our Future

Rest-In-Peace t-shirt companies, funeral homes, casket warehouses, coroner’s offices, prisons and many governments are making a ‘killing’ off of Raza blasting Raza.

Since the end of the Mexican-American War in 1848 we have been divided as the U.S. stole 1/3 of México’s land and we became either Pochos or Mojados all because of a border. Now we kill and die for the red and the blue. It is no coincidence that both colors appear in the U.S. flag, as it represents the place where we shed blood for barrios that we do not own.

Not only do we not know why we fight, but we don’t even know who our real heroes are. Hollywood has made it its sole purpose to give us fake heroes such as Scarface.™ Did you know that Scarface™ is played by an Italian, Al Pacino, pretending to be Cuban with a fake Spanish-accent ‘straight-clowning’ our language and our people? But we bought it. We buy it at every swap meet, flea market and now even all over America’s malls. We fell for their trap. We are not taught that we had heroes from the north and the south who united and ‘banged’ for the people. Pancho Villa was from the north and proud of it, while Emiliano Zapata was from the south. They met in México’s capital and when they united they posed a serious threat to the Mexican government because they were fighting to give land to the poor and not the rich.

Did you know that in California we are becoming the majority? But did you also know that in South Africa ‘Black’ Africans are the majority, but it is ‘White’ Africans that are in power? How did that happen? --‘Black’ Africans were taught to hate themselves and to kill each other. They call that system ‘apartheid.’ It is straight legal slavery.

Check this out: In California we have Raza from all over, but instead of uniting we split ourselves up into Norteños, Sureños, Mara Salvatrucha, Mexican Mafia, Nuestra Familia, Paisas, Latin Kings/Queens, Border Brothers/Sisters and so many more cliques.

In schools do they really teach us our history? Do you know much about Lolita Lebrón (Puerto Rico), Haydeé Santamaría (Cuba), Elvia Alvarado (Honduras), Lucy González-Parsons (Mexican-American), Valentina Ramírez (México), César Sandino (Nicaragua), or Farabundo Martí (El Salvador)? They don’t teach us about heroes and sheroes because these are some real OGs who ‘banged’ for freedom. Nowadays if they teach us anything about our history the answer to everything is ‘César Chávez.’ That’s all they want us to know. But some of our youth do not even know that ‘Chávez’ was from the North, a Norteño, who believed in ‘non-violence.’ So it makes no sense why Norteños would throw up the UFW red flag as their own and straight blast on Paisas or Sureños. Would Chávez do that? It’s like we are spitting on his grave.

But it’s hard out on the streets. Depending on what color you wear, what flag you claim, it may mean your life. But why do you think that is?

When a Mexican wearing blue kills a Chicano wearing red do you think that helps our people somehow? This ‘pleito’ (fight) dates back to 1848. To the U.S. government we are all ‘beaners’ and ‘wetbacks.’ They don’t care if you change your name from María to Mary or call yourself a ‘U.S.’ Citizen, you are still as Carlos Mencia states, “Nothing but U.B.S. (United Beaner Service) what can Brown do for you?” All we do is serve others, but when do we serve ourselves?

I know homies who claim Florencia in Los Angeles, La Villita in Chicago, and 38^th Street in Oakland, but do we own any of these blocks? We die daily for these streets, but these streets could care less about us.

Raza, I’m not asking you to stop gang-banging. The choice is yours. But if you are going to ‘bang,’ why not ‘bang’ for freedom? Did you know that there have been many OGs who have been ‘gang-banging’ for freedom since day one?

We can take it 19^th-century-old-school style with OGs like Tiburcio Vasquez, Gregorio Cortez and Joaquin Murrieta. The U.S. government called them bandits, we call them heroes. They had ‘clicas’ riding for freedom and to reclaim the land.

In the 20^th century we had OGs like Valentina Ramírez who disguised herself as a man in order to be able to fight during the Mexican Revolution. Then there are Puerto Rican and Cuban OGs, like Lolita Lebron and Haydeé Santamaría, who in the 1950s ‘banged’ for freedom. Lolita stormed into the U.S. House of Representatives on July, 1954 and demanded that Puerto Rico be free. Haydeé was one of the real sheroes of the Cuban revolution back when Ché Guevara was still riding around like a rich kid in his motorcycle.

Then we had some ex-gangsters who started groups like the Young Lords in Chicago and New York, and the Brown Berets in East L.A. These sisters and brothers defended our people against the police and fought for us to have our own hospitals, schools, and our own spots like Chicano Park in San Diego.

Today, in any barrio you go to we don’t own our own streets. We aren’t the ones going to college because we hate schools. “It’s hella boring,” we say. It’s boring on purpose. This government wants us to drop out so that we can commit small crimes and end up in jail. Did you know that they have built 23 new prisons in California and only 1 new university (UC Merced) in the last 20+ years?! Why do you think that is? Under the 13^th Amendment of the Constitution this country can still have ‘slaves’ once someone is a prisoner. So it makes sense to build many prisons for Raza in California. We are the new slaves!

Now that we know, I don’t think any of us would want to be a slave for the U.S. But if you do, go ahead and shoot, stab, and kill your people. If you want to be a slave go ahead and sell that rock and commit the crimes you need to commit. There are plenty of prisons waiting for you, and that’s ‘por vida’ (for life).

If they don’t get us one way, they try and get us another. In most barrios there are hundreds of spots where we can get liquor; bars, carnicerías, stores, restaurants, and gas stations because the plan is to make sure that poor people are always ‘on’ something. If poor people are high or buzzed they are more likely to commit crimes and then become U.S. slaves. Did you know that ‘poppin’ pills is all part of the plan to get us addicted to something?

Wake up Raza! That red or blue rag, that’s Made in Taiwan,™ is not what we are about. Our roots don’t begin with the colors of the U.S. flag. Our roots go back to Incas, Mayas and Aztecas.

What would happen if you start ‘banging’ for freedom? What would happen if you didn’t steal from your people, but from the rich to give to the poor? What would happen if red or blue weren’t your enemies, but your enemies were those who ride in red and blue vehicles that seek to make us slaves? What would happen if we ‘got’ educated and stood up for ourselves? What would happen if we stopped turning on ourselves, and to ourselves. That’s what ‘I’m down to ride for!’ See you on the avenues as we reclaim the streets!

césar a. cruz (teolol)

2006

. . .

Raza History Through Film

Facilitator-Mr. César A. Cruz

‘Chapetes’ & ‘Scraps’: Raza Blasting Raza As Our Slavery Continues

Norteños & Sureños Fight While We Bury Our Future

‘Commentary Analysis’

Name _____________________________________

1. What companies make millions of dollars (a killing) when Raza kills Raza?

2. When did Raza start to get divided? Why?

3. How much of México’s land was stolen by the

5. What is one hero that Hollywood tries to give to Raza?

6. Why do you think that so-called hero is so popular?

7. What Norteño and Sureño united during the Mexican Revolution?

8. What is apartheid?

9. What groups have we split ourselves up into?

10. Who is Lolita Lebrón?

11. What did Lolita Lebrón do?

12. Why is Lolita Lebron important?

13. What did César Chávez believe and what colors did he use to represent the union?

14. Why do teachers change student’s names in elementary school from Francisco to Frankie?

15. Name some OGs from the 19^th century that fought for freedom?

16. What did the Young Lords and the Brown Berets do?

17. Do clicas or gangs today do that? Why or why not?

18. Are clicas or gangs today ‘really down’ for gangbanging for freedom? Why or why not?

19. Why do they make schools sometimes ‘hella boring?’

20. Should you drop-out? Who would be happy if you drop-out?

21. How many prisons have they built in California in the last 20+ years?

22. Is there still slavery in the U.S.? How? What amendment in the U.S. Constitution makes that legal?

23. Why are there so many places to get liquor in the barrio?

24. How do you feel about that?

25. Why is it so easy for the youth to ‘pop pills?’

26. If you were in a gang what kind of gang would you like to be in? 27. How can gangs change? What can they do to start ‘reppin’ the block’ in a real way?

28. What ‘knowledge’ would you teach Raza so can stop hating themselves? For example what would you tell a Norteño that hates Sureños?_

29. Does banging for freedom have to involve violence? (Think of César Chávez)

30. How will you bang for freedom? (Think about what you want to do with your life)

Getting Our History Back Project

_____ Haydeé Santamaría _____ Elvia Alvarado _____ Joaquin Murrieta

_____ Lucy González-Parsons _____ Valentina Ramírez _____ César Sandino

_____ Farabundo Martí _____ Tiburcio Vasquez _____Gregorio Cortez

_____ Young Lords Party _____ Brown Berets

Choose one of these heroes/sheroes. Now ‘get your history’ back!

Name of your hero/shero

Where are they from

Why my hero/shero is important

Here’s a ‘dope’ story about my hero/shero

I want to be like my hero/shero because

Stand and Deliver Film Notes

Name ______________________________ Date

Raza Film Class, Mr. César A. Cruz

(These are questions to use while watching the film "Stand and Deliver." This is a sample of some of the questions asked when watching various films in the Raza History through Film class. Questions have been created by Mr. Cesar A. Cruz.)

Stand and Deliver Film

1. What do you see in the neighborhood? What does the man driving the car see?
2. If you only know basic math what kind of job can you get?
3. Are all the teachers qualified (prepared) to teach?
4. What do the teachers think of the students?
5. What does Jaime Escalante, the teacher, say the students need?
6. Why does he say there are 2 strikes against you? What are the two strikes?
7. How does math work in the “real world?”

8. Does Raquel, the teacher, think these students “bounce back?” Why or why not? Who are these students?

9. Why did they send a Black and Latino to investigate to a school in East L.A.?
10. What did the students have to do to prove themselves?

*BONUS…. Why is the film called “Stand and Deliver?”

Stand and Deliver

The teacher Jaime Escalante tells one of his students while they were driving that “all you see is the turn, you don’t see the road ahead,” what does that mean? Write at least a 1-page essay using the film to explain what Mr. Escalante means.

Norte/Sur Timeline 1946-2000

Raza History (Norteños/Sureños as one)

By César A. Cruz

U.S. stole the following territories at the end of the Mexican-American War (1846-1848): California, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas and Utah.

Line gets drawn- North & South in 1848 w/ The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

North of the Rio Bravo/Grande: Mexicans become second class citizens

Mexicans in U.S. get treated like slaves, they get their land jacked, if they speak Spanish-get beat down, just as many Mexicans get lynched as Blacks by the Texas Rangers.

1848 Land Stolen: California, Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, Oregon, Texas and Utah.

Creating Norte y Sur

1848 Latinos become pochos Latinos becomes wetbacks/mojados

1850s Raza fights back, Tiburcio Vásquez, Joaquin Murrieta

1910 Norteños y Sureños unite!

(Pancho Villa (Norte), Emiliano Zapata (Sur))

1898 U.S. jacks Puerto Rico, the Philippines, Cuba, and the Virgin Islands in Spanish-American War

1910 Mexican revolution begins uniting the north and south.

1918 Farabundo Martí rises up in El Salvador, César Augusto Sandino rises up in Nicaragua to fight against the CIA

1930s CIA gets kicked out of Central America

1920s The Border is created

Creation of La Migra (INS), turning Raza into Immigrants

“We didn’t cross the border, the border crossed us”

1930s Depression- Repatriation: 500,000 Latinos get deported

regardless if were born in the United States side of the border

1940s Pachucos unite to fight against the Marines- los Zoot Suiters

Sleepy Lagoon Case- Raza as Animals/Savages

Prisons to be our new home!

Raza fight in World War II- they won’t even bury them in White Cemeteries

1954 Operation Wetback: 1.5 million Latinos get deported

Operation Success-CIA in Guatemala- take out Guatemalan president Jacobo Arbenz

Operation Bootstrap-Puerto Rico

Lolita Lebron storms the US House of Representatives w/ shotguns for Puerto Rico’s freedom

1957 Mexican Mafia (EME) is formed in prison- Tracy, CA. (3 puntos, Aztec numeral system)

-Study Aztec history (Mexikanemi de Aztlán)

1959 Haydeé Santamaría, Ché Guevara and Fidel Castro take on the Cuban Government and kick out the Batista regime

1965 United Farm Workers formed-uniting Norteño & Sureño farmworkers

1967 Nuestra Familia is formed (N, 14th letter) in Pelican Bay Prison

“Busters” (N) -vs- “Scraps” (S)

1968 10,000 Raza students walk out of school to demand changes. Xicano Blowouts

Brown Berets gets formed uniting Norteños y Sureños to defend Raza rights.

1980s Revolution begins in El Salvador, Nicaragua led by FMLN and FSLN

Government versus the guerrillas

1986 Amnesty laws to make immigrants into US residents (green card program)

1990s Barrios Unidos gets formed uniting Norteños y Sureños .
Homies Unidos gets formed in L.A. to unite Norteños y Sureños

1992 Peace Treaty signed between Bloods & Crips in South Central L.A.

1994 EZLN- Zapatistas rise up and fight back against Mexican government

Proposition 187-Turning immigrants into scapegoats

NAFTA goes into effect between US/Mexico/Canada